tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9406551582415413272024-02-21T07:56:08.870+08:00Path to Higher Learning...More and more about NS-2ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.comBlogger32125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-64332377653658914352011-06-03T11:59:00.002+08:002011-06-03T12:05:05.899+08:00To set different initial energy to every node<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "># set initial energy for first node</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; border-collapse: separate; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">$ns node-config </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">-initialEnergy 50</span></span></div></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">set node_(0) [$ns node]</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "># set initial energy for second node</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">$ns node-config </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">-initialEnergy 100</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><div style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">set node_(1) [$ns node]</span></div><div style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "><br /></span></div><div style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; border-collapse: separate; "><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "># set initial energy for third node</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; border-collapse: separate; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">$ns node-config </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">-initialEnergy 70</span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">set node_(2) [$ns node]</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">and similarly for more nodes...</span></div></span></span></span></div></span></span></div></span></div>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-78559577168119958162010-11-23T14:12:00.002+08:002010-11-23T14:16:16.934+08:00Compile cc file to exe file<div>in ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/indep-utils/propagation/</div><div><br /></div>g++ -lm -o threshold threshold.cc<div><br /></div><div>threshold of Cthresh and Rthresh can be calculated.</div>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-74923342011468880802010-11-23T12:34:00.001+08:002010-11-23T12:34:24.849+08:00Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit…<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; "><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/17px Verdana; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); ">Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit…</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/17px Verdana; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); ">error though I was not using yum any where else, but this crap was coming every time when I run the command, After googling a bit finally got the solution that I this error was coming coz there was something in the yum.pid.<br />We can this issue by two means<br /><b style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">First </b><br />one killing the pid by doing follwing command.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/17px Verdana; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); "><code style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "># ps aux | grep yum</code></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/17px Verdana; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); ">this command will show all the process with process id which is running by yum. so now you can kill the process. Say process Id 31542 is using the yum so you can do</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/17px Verdana; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); "><code style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "># kill -9 31542<br />or<br /># kill 31542</code></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/17px Verdana; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); "><strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Second:</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/17px Verdana; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); ">If above method doesn’t work for you. you can remove the yum process from the machine. Now the question arise where you will get the process file. yum process resides in /var/run folder so simply type the following command and hit enter.<br /><code style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "># rm -f /var/run/yum.pid</code></p><div><code style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><br /></code></div></span>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-85457964008678171892010-11-22T14:53:00.004+08:002010-11-22T14:59:36.431+08:00Some useful stuff about ns-2<span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"><pre style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; "><a href="http://jsun74.blogspot.com/2010/10/fwd-ns2.html">http://jsun74.blogspot.com/2010/10/fwd-ns2.html</a></pre></span></span></span>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-39815340016549063792010-10-12T15:42:00.002+08:002010-10-12T15:43:56.002+08:00Command for AWKI have been always in search for the command to run AWK script. To ease my job next time, I should have put in here too.. :)<div><br /></div><div>The command is:</div><div><br /></div><div>awk -f awkfilename tracefilename > outputfilename</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-74742163429602676252010-10-07T17:41:00.000+08:002010-10-07T17:42:15.372+08:00Adding new routing protocol in ns-2<div>Thanks to Elmurod A. Talipov</div><div><br /></div>Writing routing protocol is fairly easy in NS2, but for beginners it seems very difficult. Therefore, if you are new to NS2 and want to write your own routing protocol, I would strongly recommend to revise AODV source code. Because, I believe AODV source code is straightforward and fairly easy to understand due to the simplicity of the AODV protocol.<br /><br />Before you begin reading this post, I assume that you have already installed NS2 on Linux. I have used version 2.34, which is current release. If you have not installed yet, DOWNLOAD HERE and INSTALL. Okey, simple requirements to write your own routing protocol<br /><br />NS2 installed<br />You should know how to program in C/C++.<br />Optionally, shell scripting and perl.<br />Let's start with creating directory of routing protocol. Goto the "$NS_ROOT/ ns-2.34/". Create directory named as wfrp, we call it WSN Flooding-based Routing Protocol in which sink nodes periodically send a beacon message and other nodes construct route towards the sink nodes. Then nodes report to sink node every certain period using UDP protocol. Direct Diffusion may be an example of such protocol, but what we are writing is simpler and has more functionalities.<br /><br />mkdir wfrp<br />In the directory we create three files : wrfp.cc, wrfp.h, wrfp_packet.h. Download and put these files in wfrp directory. I will not explain the code here, and if you don't understand just leave comment I will try to answer.<br /><br />Now, we are going to modify following files. Therefore it is better you backup these files before you start adding new protocol, so that you can easily go back.<br /><br />$NS_ROOT/Makefile<br />$NS_ROOT/queue/priqueue.cc<br />$NS_ROOT/common/packet.h<br />$NS_ROOT/trace/cmu-trace.h<br />$NS_ROOT/trace/cmu-trace.cc<br />$NS_ROOT/tcl/lib/ns-packet.tcl<br />$NS_ROOT/tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl<br />$NS_ROOT/tcl/lib/ns-agent.tcl<br />$NS_ROOT/tcl/lib/ns-mobilenode.tcl<br />Let's start with ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/Makefile just add following lien at 269<br /><br />wfrp/wfrp.o \ <br />Add following lines to ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/queue/priqueue.cc from line 93.<br /><br />// WFRP patch<br />case PT_WFRP:<br />To define new routing protocol packet type we have to modify ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/common/packet.h file. We change PT_NTYPE to 63, and for our protocol PT_WFRP = 62. If you have already installed another routing protocol. Just make sure PT_NTYPE is last, and protocol number is ordered sequentially. From line 85 changes would be :<br /><br />// WFRP packet<br />static const packet_t PT_WFRP = 62;<br /><br />// insert new packet types here<br />static packet_t PT_NTYPE = 63; // This MUST be the LAST one<br />We make following code change at line 254 of ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/common/packet.h. The code is used that the packet is routing protocol packet and has high priority.<br /><br />type == PT_AODV ||<br />type == PT_WFRP)<br />And at line 390 of the same file<br /><br />// WFRP patch<br />name_[PT_WFRP] = "WFRP";<br />Now we will make NS2 trace our simulation and write it to *something*.tr, in order to do that we have to modify cmu-trace.h and cmu-trace.cc.<br /><br />To add trace function we add following line to ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/trace/cmu-trace.h at line 163:<br /><br />void format_wfrp(Packet *p, int offset);<br />~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/trace/cmu-trace.cc must be added following code at line 1071<br /><br />// WFRP patch<br />void<br />CMUTrace::format_wfrp(Packet *p, int offset)<br />{<br /> struct hdr_wfrp *wh = HDR_WFRP(p);<br /> struct hdr_wfrp_beacon *wb = HDR_WFRP_BEACON(p);<br /> struct hdr_wfrp_error *we = HDR_WFRP_ERROR(p);<br /><br /> switch(wh->pkt_type) {<br /> case WFRP_BEACON:<br /><br /> if (pt_->tagged()) {<br /> sprintf(pt_->buffer() + offset,<br /> "-wfrp:t %x -wfrp:h %d -wfrp:b %d -wfrp:s %d "<br /> "-wfrp:px %d -wfrp:py %d -wfrp:ts %f "<br /> "-wfrp:c BEACON ",<br /> wb->pkt_type,<br /> wb->beacon_hops,<br /> wb->beacon_id,<br /> wb->beacon_src,<br /> wb->beacon_posx,<br /> wb->beacon_posy,<br /> wb->timestamp);<br /> } else if (newtrace_) {<br /><br /> sprintf(pt_->buffer() + offset,<br /> "-P wfrp -Pt 0x%x -Ph %d -Pb %d -Ps %d -Ppx %d -Ppy %d -Pts %f -Pc BEACON ",<br /> wb->pkt_type,<br /> wb->beacon_hops,<br /> wb->beacon_id,<br /> wb->beacon_src,<br /> wb->beacon_posx,<br /> wb->beacon_posy,<br /> wb->timestamp);<br /><br /> } else {<br /><br /> sprintf(pt_->buffer() + offset,<br /> "[0x%x %d %d [%d %d] [%d %f]] (BEACON)",<br /> wb->pkt_type,<br /> wb->beacon_hops,<br /> wb->beacon_id,<br /> wb->beacon_src,<br /> wb->beacon_posx,<br /> wb->beacon_posy,<br /> wb->timestamp);<br /> }<br /> break;<br /><br /> case WFRP_ERROR:<br /> // TODO: need to add code<br /> break;<br /><br /> default:<br />#ifdef WIN32<br /> fprintf(stderr,<br /> "CMUTrace::format_wfrp: invalid WFRP packet type\n");<br />#else<br /> fprintf(stderr,<br /> "%s: invalid WFRP packet type\n", __FUNCTION__);<br />#endif<br /> abort();<br /> }<br />}<br />Now we will modify tcl files to create routing agent. First we define protocol name to use in tcl file. It would done by modifying ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/tcl/lib/ns-packet.tcl @ line 172<br /><br /># WFRP patch<br />WFRP<br />Now we set routing agent by modifying ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl @ line 633<br /><br />WFRP {<br /> set ragent [$self create-wfrp-agent $node]<br />}<br />From line 860 of the same file following code should be added.<br /><br />Simulator instproc create-wfrp-agent { node } {<br /> # Create WFRP routing agent<br /> set ragent [new Agent/WFRP [$node node-addr]]<br /> $self at 0.0 "$ragent start"<br /> $node set ragent_ $ragent<br /> return $ragent<br />}<br />Now we will set port numbers of routing agent. sport is source port, dport is destination port. Modify ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/tcl/lib/ns-agent.tcl line 202<br /><br />Agent/WFRP instproc init args {<br /> $self next $args<br />}<br /><br />Agent/WFRP set sport_ 0<br />Agent/WFRP set dport_ 0<br />Frankly speaking I have no idea why I have to add following things. But I believe it should be done according to some tutorial : ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/tcl/lib/ns-mobilenode.tcl line 201<br /><br /># Special processing for WFRP<br />set wfrponly [string first "WFRP" [$agent info class]]<br />if {$wfrponly != -1 } {<br /> $agent if-queue [$self set ifq_(0)] ;# ifq between LL and MAC<br />}<br />We are done. got to ~/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/ directory and do<br /><br />make clean<br />make<br />When the compile is finished, you can test using wfrp_802_15_4.tcl file as :<br /><br />ns wfrp_802_15_4.tcl<br />In this test the NODE 0 is sink node, starts sending beacon 1 second after simulation i started, and NODE 10 is reporting node. It starts sending report over CBR/UDP at 5.0 seconds (after simulation is started). Report interval is 2 seconds.<br /><br />To remove debugging WFRP, uncomment #define DEBUG (line 36 of wfrp.cc & re-make it).ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-7402506228206546662010-10-04T13:22:00.000+08:002010-10-04T13:24:19.409+08:00Fedora 10 Enable GUI Root Login<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); "><div class="headline_area" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 2.2em; margin-left: 0px; "><h1 class="entry-title" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-size: 2.6em; line-height: 1.308em; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px; font-size: 14px; "><span style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">Q.</span> How do I enable root login under Fedora 10 Gnome GUI login screen / manager?</span></h1></div><div class="format_text entry-content" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 1.4em; line-height: 1.571em; "><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; margin-left: 0px; "><span id="more-2696" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "></span><span style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 153, 0); ">A.</span> Fedora 10 uses pam module called pam_succeed_if.so. This module is designed to succeed or fail authentication based on characteristics of the account belonging to the user being authenticated. One use is to select whether to load other modules based on this test. This module blocks root login using GUI.</p><h2 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 1.833em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.611em; margin-left: 0px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; ">Login as root</h2><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; margin-left: 0px; ">Log in as normal user</p><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; margin-left: 0px; ">Then open GUI terminal (bash prompt) and type the following command to become root user:<br /><code style="padding-top: 0.667em; padding-right: 0.917em; padding-bottom: 0.667em; padding-left: 0.917em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.833em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat repeat; ">$ su -</code></p><div style="padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0.5em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(251, 251, 251); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-width: 10px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(178, 34, 34); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><img src="http://figs.cyberciti.biz/warning-40px.png" title="Warning examples may crash your computer" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: middle; " /><strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">WARNING!</strong> These examples may crash your computer if not executed properly. It is recommended that you always login as normal user to avoid any damage to your system and then use su - to get root level access as required.</div><h3 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 1.833em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.611em; margin-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; ">Fedora 10 update GDM config to allow root login</h3><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; margin-left: 0px; ">Type your root password. Next, make a backup of /etc/pam.d/gdm, enter:<br />cp /etc/pam.d/gdm /root<br />Now open /etc/pam.d/gdm using gedit or vi text editor, enter:<br /><code style="padding-top: 0.667em; padding-right: 0.917em; padding-bottom: 0.667em; padding-left: 0.917em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.833em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat repeat; ">gedit /etc/pam.d/gdm</code><br />OR<br /><code style="padding-top: 0.667em; padding-right: 0.917em; padding-bottom: 0.667em; padding-left: 0.917em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.833em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat repeat; ">vi /etc/pam.d/gdm</code><br />Alternatively, you can do everything in a one command:<br /><code style="padding-top: 0.667em; padding-right: 0.917em; padding-bottom: 0.667em; padding-left: 0.917em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.833em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat repeat; ">su -c 'gedit /etc/pam.d/gdm'</code><br />Find line that read as follows:</p><pre style="padding-top: 0.667em; padding-right: 0.917em; padding-bottom: 0.667em; padding-left: 0.917em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.833em; margin-left: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; clear: both; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet</pre><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; margin-left: 0px; ">Remove or comment out line by prefixing #.</p><pre style="padding-top: 0.667em; padding-right: 0.917em; padding-bottom: 0.667em; padding-left: 0.917em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.833em; margin-left: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; clear: both; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "># auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet</pre><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; margin-left: 0px; ">Save and close the file. Logout from terminal and from GUI itself. Now you should be able login as root user using GDM GUI login manager.</p></div></span>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-6023002856718428262009-10-12T14:08:00.003+08:002010-09-24T14:24:51.171+08:00NIST Wimax patch for NS-2.31<span style="font-size:100%;">Download: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/6879890/ns2.31-nist-wimax.zip.html">NS-2.31 + NIST Wimax patch</a><br /><br />Article obtained from: http://bestkid.pixnet.net/blog/post/15075795<br /><br />Install ns-allinone-2.31<br /><br />1. download ns-allinone-2.31 http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=149743&package_id=169689<br /><br />2. Move ns-allinone-2.31.tar.gz to C:\cygwin\home\user<br /><br />3. Start cygwin , tar zxvf ns-allinone-2.31.tar.gz<br /><br />4. cd ns-allinone-2.31<br /><br />5. ./install<br /><br />6. Modify .bashrc file of C:\cygwin\home\user by inserting the following at the end of the file:<br /><br />export NS_HOME=`pwd`/ns-allinone-2.31<br /><br />export PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.14/unix:$NS_HOME/tk8.4.14/unix:$NS_HOME/bin:$NS_HOME/ns-2.31:$PATH<br /><br />export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.14/unix:$NS_HOME/tk8.4.14/unix:$NS_HOME/otcl-1.13:$NS_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH<br /><br />export TCL_LIBRARY=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.14/library</span><div><span style="font-size:100%;"><br />7. after exit cygwin , restart cygwin ,with the command: ns , to test if ns install successfully.</span></div><div><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /><b>Install wimax module and ns-2.31 patch</b><br /><br />1. Can be downloaded from the blog or obtained from http://w3.antd.nist.gov/seamlessandsecure.shtml | Software Tools </span></div><div><span style="font-size:100%;"><br />Note: contains patch for ns-2.31. See documentation for the list of modifications. Use the request form to download the file.</span></div><div><span style="font-size:100%;"><br />The downloaded file is ns-nist-wimax.tgz </span></div><div><span style="font-size:100%;">Copy the file to C:\cygwin\home\user<br /><br />2. Start cygwin then unpacked the tarball with command: tar zxvf ns-nist-wimax.tgz<br /><br />3. Then, with command: tar zxvf prerelease041707.tgz </span></div><div><span style="font-size:100%;"> After decompress completed, you will find patch-ns-2.31-041707 patch file.<br /><br />4. Copy patch-ns-2.31-041707 to C:\cygwin\home\user\ns-allinone-2.31 folder<br /><br />5. cd ns-allinone-2.31<br /><br />6. patch -p0 </span>patch-ns-2.31-041707.patch</div>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-59114381634153146282009-10-01T00:07:00.002+08:002009-10-01T00:13:12.258+08:00Accelerate NS-2 scheduler<span style="font-family:times new roman;">Download: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/6712090/Patch.zip.html">Scheduler-patch</a>
<br />
<br />This is a patch that can speed up the NS-2 scheduler by improving the Calendar Queue data structure in the scheduler. Especially, it can help to speed up many simulations with high speed long distance network. Some simulations that need one day with the original NS2 scheduler can now be finished in an hour.
<br />
<br /></span><ol><li>Copy the patch to <b>ns-allinone-2.28/ns-2.28</b> (or <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ns-2.29</b>)</li><li> In the directory of <b>ns-allinone-2.28/ns-2.28</b> (or <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ns-2.29</b>) , run: <b> make clean </b></li><li>In the directory of <b>ns-allinone-2.28/ns-2.28</b> (or <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ns-2.29</b>), run: <b>patch -p1 <></b></li><li>(Optional) delete the patch file by <b>rm ns-scheduler.patch </b> </li><li>recompile the ns2 by <b>make </b>and <b>make install</b></li></ol><i>
<br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">
<br />Many thanks to the author: David X. Wei
<br />
<br /></span></i>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-24894818076378839492009-09-30T21:42:00.005+08:002009-09-30T21:53:57.587+08:00Error: nam: command not found<pre><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Solution:</span><br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">In nam directory (inside the ns-allinone)use the following command:</span><br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">./configure and make</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">When compiling, you would encounter a series of errors. Erase for example, "abc::" from file and</span><br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">in the line with error could solve the problem.</span><br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">By solving all the errors, you could execute nam with the command:</span><br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">nam</span><br /><br /></pre>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-65228223079629159862009-09-30T14:57:00.003+08:002010-09-24T14:17:19.743+08:00Error free NIST mobility NS2.29 installationDownload: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/6706064/ns2_NIST_mobility.patch.zip.html">patch_nist_mobility</a><div><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/6706064/ns2_NIST_mobility.patch.zip.html"></a>Download: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre; "><a href="//www.ziddu.com/download/11803466/ns-nist-mob.tgz.html">ns-</a><b><a href="//www.ziddu.com/download/11803466/ns-nist-mob.tgz.html">nist-mob.tgz</a></b></span><br /><mousewheel><mousewheel><br />1. Extract the patch and insert the patch file in ns-2.29 folder.<br />2. Patch the folder with the command:<br /></mousewheel></mousewheel>patch -p1 -i ns2_NIST_mobility.patch<br />3. Compile the whole ns-2.29 with the command:<br />./install<br /><br />Special thanks to Mr <span><span>Johann</span> M. Márquez Barja for providing the patch.<br />***************************************************************<br />To install NIST mobility....<br /></span><pre>II- Version<br />This source files provided is for ns-2.29.<br /><br /><br />III- Installation<br />The mobility package is a complete ns-2.29 directory, not a patch.<br />Unzip and untar the source file:<br />tar -zxf ns-<b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">nist</b>-<b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">mob</b>.<b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">tgz</b><br />this will extract another compressedf file to unzip and untar:<br />tar -zxf ns-2.29-<b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">nist</b>-<b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">mob</b>-022707.<b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">tgz</b> (this will uncompress a complete ns-2.29 directory)<br /><br />Note: we have a generic name (ns-<b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">nist</b>-<b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">mob</b>.<b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(153, 255, 153);">tgz</b>) for download purposes. This file contains a compressed file with the release date to better keep track of the different versions.<br /><br /><br />IV- Compilation options<br />After extracting the ns-2.29 directory, you need to recompile the code. To do so, execute "make clean; ./configure ; make" in the ns-2.29 directory.<br />To debug the wimax code, edit the Makefile and add the -DDEBUG_WIMAX switch in the DEFINE entry.<br /><br /><br />V- Running examples<br />Examples of scenarios using homogeneous and heterogeneous handovers are located in the tcl/hsntg directory.<br />The scripts have been updated to run properly.<br /></pre></div>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-40656253856372820222009-09-02T14:00:00.003+08:002009-09-02T14:01:08.277+08:00To Save and Exit in "vi" Command - LinuxEsc, then shift+ctrl+":" and then "wq", enter.ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-32427045592685806712009-06-30T13:02:00.003+08:002009-06-30T13:05:05.969+08:00Learning C++Due to NS-2 is heavily coded in C++, I am currently studying hard about it. My knowledge in C++ is really limited. Arghh... Feel like I have been wasting a lot of time of doing "don't know what"... I want to GRADUATE!!!!ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-63847051629312582272009-03-31T19:31:00.004+08:002009-03-31T19:36:25.083+08:00Actual Coverage Range in NS-2Actual Coverage Range = square of 2*distInterference_centred in the reception node<br /><br />PS: Information extracted from mailing list. Hopefully will be useful in later work.ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-22308741297784263232009-03-19T14:30:00.011+08:002009-06-28T16:06:00.903+08:00Installing INET Framework into OMNET++Download: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/4033227/inet.tar.gz.html">Inet Framework</a><br />Download: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/3920073/inetmanet.tar.gz.html">Inetmanet Framework</a><br /><br />To install:<br />You should have a working OMNeT++ installation, version 4.0 or later.<br />It must be compiled with dynamic NED loading enabled (WITH_NETBUILDER=yes setting).<br /><br />1. Make sure your OMNeT++ installation works OK (e.g. try running the samples)<br />and it is in the path (to test, try the command "which nedtool").<br /><br />2. Change to the INET directory.<br /><br />3. Type "make" to build the inet executable (debug version). Use "make MODE=release" to build release version.<br /><br />Problem:<br />-lpcap is not found<br /><br />Solution:<br />yum install libpcap-devel<br /><br />Problem:<br />make: warning: Clock skew detected. Your build may be incomplete.<br /><br />Solution:<br /><pre> cd directory<br /># Remove output files<br />make clean<br /># Put timestamps on all files equal to current time<br />find . -exec touch {} \;<br /># Rebuild all output files<br />make<br /></pre><br />Finally, try running the demo simulations. Change into examples/ and type<br />"./rundemo".<br /><br />Problem:<br /><!----> Error during startup: Cannot load library '../../../src//libinet.so': ../../../src//libinet.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.<br /><br />For INET:<br />Solution:<br />SELinux blocks the library from running. Free the library with the command:<br />chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/home/user/inet/out/gcc-debug/src/libinet.so'<br /><br />For INETMANET:<br />The problem occurs due to "makefile"<br /><br />1. Copy everything from "Makefile_dll" and replace all of "Makefile"<br /><br />2. Execute "buildMakefiles" shell file with the command: sh buildMakefiles<br /><br />3. Finally, compile with the command: make<br /><br />4. You probably need this as last step:<br />chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/home/user/inetmanet/out/gcc-debug/src/libinet.so'<br /><br />Then you should be able to run the demo in the examples;<br />./rundemoellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-66639437225535961762009-03-12T12:04:00.013+08:002009-09-02T13:56:56.820+08:00Subversion of NS-MIRACLE+NS-MIRACLE 2.0 BetaDownload the latest NSMIRACLE: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/3920281/main.zip.html">Subversion NS-MIRACLE</a><br /><br />Download Beta version: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/3920194/nsmiracle-2.0-beta.tar.gz.html">NS-MIRACLE 2.0 Beta</a><br /><br />The <span class="caps">NS-MIRACLE</span> codebase is kept on a subversion repository. In particular, the development version of nsmiracle is available at this URL:<br /><br /><pre><a href="https://telecom.dei.unipd.it/tlcrepos/nsmiracle-dev/trunk">https://telecom.dei.unipd.it:/tlcrepos/nsmiracle-dev/trunk</a><br /><br /></pre> <p>The above mentioned subversion repository provides read-only access for guest users using the following account:</p><p><br /></p> <pre>username: nsmiracle-dev-guest<br />password: nsmiracleguest<br /></pre> <p>As an example, using the <tt>svn</tt> command line client you can check out the latest development version using the guest account by typing the following command and add in the path to be copied to at the trail of the command:</p><p><br /></p>svn co --username nsmiracle-dev-guest --password nsmiracleguest https://telecom.dei.unipd.it:/tlcrepos/nsmiracle-dev/trunk /home/username/nsmiraclerep<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMl8mu6vz5jycs9r0EUTExFX14-0xWs4fyylt0ox1MQSoANXTGTAgBSX7tKIKigSfU4boguE3o4O9-7wYeFjYQ8Fl1JcL963gX0hyphenhyphenvEOkqJDo1VNS_QY7VFyDq24Ut9Ybzr8mP7qSQdas/s1600-h/svn1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 222px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMl8mu6vz5jycs9r0EUTExFX14-0xWs4fyylt0ox1MQSoANXTGTAgBSX7tKIKigSfU4boguE3o4O9-7wYeFjYQ8Fl1JcL963gX0hyphenhyphenvEOkqJDo1VNS_QY7VFyDq24Ut9Ybzr8mP7qSQdas/s320/svn1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5312183583766881186" border="0" /></a><br />NSMIRACLE SVN repository Installation procedures:<br /><br />1. Go to the "main" directory<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">command: </span><br />cd main<br />2. Execute the autogen.sh<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">command: </span><br />sh autogen.sh<br />3. Configure script will be generated and do the following:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">command:</span><br />./configure --with-ns-allinone=/home/username/ns-allinone-2.33 --prefix=/home/username --disable-static --with-dei80211mr=/home/username/ns-allinone-2.33/dei80211mr-1.1.4<br />4. <span style="font-style: italic;">command:</span><br />make<br />5. <span style="font-style: italic;">command:</span><br />make install<br /><br />NSMIRACLE ADDONS installation procedure:<br />1. Go to the "addons" directory and access to the addon need to be install<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">command: </span><br />cd addons<br />cd <span style="font-style: italic;">addontobeinstall</span><br />2. Execute the autogen.sh<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">command: </span><br />sh autogen.sh<br />3. Configure script will be generated and do the following:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">command:</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">./configure --with-ns-allinone=/home/<wbr>username/ns-allinone-2.33 --prefix=/home/username --disable-static --with-nsmiracle=/home/<wbr>username/nsmiracledir/<wbr>main</span><br />4. <span style="font-style: italic;">command:</span><br />make<br />5. <span style="font-style: italic;">command:</span><br />make install<br /><br />PS:<br />Error occured during "./configure" of addons:<br />1. configure: error: Could not find boost graph header files, please install the boost graph library.<br />Solution:<br />yum install -y boost-devel<br />yum install boost<br /><br />Error occured during "make" of addons:<br />1. error:<br /><pre class="message">/usr/include/boost/pending/relaxed_heap.hpp:102: error: 'CHAR_BIT' was not declared in this scope<br /></pre>Solution:<br />This is a bug in the standard header<bitset><bitset>. Apparently, an include of </bitset><limits.h><bitset><limits.h> is missing in that header. Adding the following header to the problematic code fix the problem.<br /><br />#include <climits> // for CHAR_BIT<limits.h><br /></limits.h></limits.h></bitset></limits.h></bitset>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-58051615102094283582009-03-11T10:54:00.007+08:002009-03-11T14:38:40.780+08:00Installing NS-MIRACLE to NS-2.33Download: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/3818784/nsmiracle-1.2.2.tar.gz.html">NS-MIRACLE-1.2.2</a><br />Download: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/3818783/a16-baldo.pdf.html">Paper on NS-MIRACLE-1.2.2</a><br /><h3>NS-MIRACLE: Multi-InteRfAce Cross-Layer Extension library for the Network Simulator<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPMnSentl043AgXXmWkAp3TqPzPb4yjJ41baX_Xs1a_j0KvtOOkEa48HYzxg0PaYFikrYO2b7NPuNX3XKH4AitqCQQFgMhyiWXn0QITLaR2Hb4nJHFJBu_7B_6YEW_UMax820aqX92hfU/s1600-h/nsmiraclepic.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 166px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPMnSentl043AgXXmWkAp3TqPzPb4yjJ41baX_Xs1a_j0KvtOOkEa48HYzxg0PaYFikrYO2b7NPuNX3XKH4AitqCQQFgMhyiWXn0QITLaR2Hb4nJHFJBu_7B_6YEW_UMax820aqX92hfU/s320/nsmiraclepic.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5311761267040571858" border="0" /></a></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="caps" style="font-size:100%;">NS-MIRACLE</span><span style="font-size:100%;"> is a set of libraries designed to enhance the functionalities provided by the Network Simulator ns2. It provides an efficient and embedded engine for handling cross-layer messages and, at the same time, enables the coexistance of multiple modules within each layer of the protocol stack. For instance, multiple IP, link layers, MACs or physical layers can be specified and used within the same node. The </span><span class="caps" style="font-size:100%;">NS-MIRACLE</span><span style="font-size:100%;"> framework facilitates the implementation and the simulation of modern communication systems in ns2; moreover, due to its modularity, the code will be portable, re-usable and extensible.<br /></span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Installation of NS-MIRACLE:</span><br /><br />1. Unpack the <span class="code">nsmiracle</span> package at /home/username and cd into the newly created directory:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Command:</span><br />tar xzf nsmiracle-1.2.2.tar.gz<br />cd nsmiracle-1.2.2<br /><br />2. In the /nsmiracle-1.2.2, do the following:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Command:</span><br />./configure --with-ns-allinone=/home/username/ns-allinone-2.33 --prefix=/home/username --disable-static --with-dei80211mr=/home/username/ns-allinone-2.33/dei80211mr-1.1.4<br /><br />3. After that, execute as following:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Command:</span><br />make<br />make install<br /><br />4. Lastly, check that your installed NS-MIRACLE is working by running the example found in /home/username/nsmiracle-1.2.2/samples<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Command:</span><br />cd samples<br />ns link_with_errors_cbr.tcl<br /><br />You should get the result as shown if NS-MIRACLE is installed successfully:<br /><pre><span style="font-size:100%;">Simulating........................................done!<br />Packet Error Ratio : 0.050000<br />Throughput : 68360.897567<br />Tracefile : /tmp/link_with_errors_cbr.tcl.tr</span><br /></pre><br />NOTE:<br /><ul><li>remember to adapt all paths to your needs, unless you're using <span class="code">/home/username</span>.</li><li>make sure that the tests run by <span class="code">./configure</span> have been successful, in particular the tests for <span class="code">ns-allinone</span> </li><li>after running <span class="code">make install</span>, make sure that the path in which library have been installed is in your <span class="code">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span> environment variable.</li></ul>Ref. page: <a href="http://telecom.dei.unipd.it/pages/read/58/">http://telecom.dei.unipd.it/pages/read/58/</a>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-77731306239736667702009-03-05T15:57:00.004+08:002009-03-05T16:54:34.986+08:00Install OMNET++ 4.0 at FEDORA 10Download:<br /><br />Pre-installation:<br />Install the items in the following list in FEDORA 10. You must be 'root' to execute the following command:<br /><br />yum install tcl<br />yum install tcl-devel<br />yum install tk<br />yum install tk-devel<br />yum install blt<br />yum install gcc<br />yum install gcc-c++<br />yum install byacc<br />yum install bison<br />yum install flex<br />yum install make<br />yum install swig<br />yum install zlib-devel<br />yum install java-1.6.0-openjdk-plugin<br />yum install automake<br />yum install autoconf<br /><br />Installation of OMNET++ 4.0:<br /><br />Download the source package and copy the omnetpp file to where you want to install it.<br />Extract the package by the command:<br />tar zxvf omnetpp-4.0rc2-src.tgz<br /><br />Add the following line to your startup file (.bashrc or .bash_profile):<br />export PATH=$PATH:~/omnetpp-4.0/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:~/omnetpp-4.0/lib<br /><br />Access into the newly created directory:<br />cd omnetpp-4.0<br /><br />Install with command:<br />./configure<br /><br />Locate .bash_profile (eg. /home/user/.bash_profile) and include the following line into it:<br />export TCL_LIBRARY=/usr/share/tcl8.5<br /><br />After that, at the omnetpp-4.0 directory too, type this command:<br />make<br /><br />After compilation completed, you can try the samples, for eg:<br /> cd ~/omnetpp-4.0/samples/dyna<br /> ./dyna<br /><br />To start omnet++ IDE, use the command:<br />omnetppellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-83016088568814547542009-03-05T13:56:00.004+08:002009-03-05T15:29:34.708+08:00My current dilemma....I am using NS-MIRACLE, the extension of NS-2 in order to create multi technology nodes. My intention is to create nodes with two interfaces, which are UMTS interface and WLAN interface respectively.<br /><br />For long I have been analyzing the sample codes in NS-MIRACLE, but still I am unable to create my dual interface nodes yet. HELP!~~ @ @ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-68261165651108845532009-03-02T14:30:00.002+08:002009-03-02T14:33:32.971+08:00Prevent FEDORA 10 from always log outCheck your screensaver setting:<br />system|preferences|look and feel|screensaver|untick all<br /><br />Check your power management setting:<br />system|preferences|system|power management|On AC power, set to never for allellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-47650669321664279482009-03-02T12:22:00.002+08:002009-03-02T14:22:24.537+08:00Set the screen resolution of FEDORA 10 in VMWAREChange by doing the following at FEDORA 10<br />system| preferences| hardware| screen resolution<br /><br />and choose your desire resolution, then click "apply" and "ok".ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-43232666829932141932009-03-02T11:43:00.007+08:002009-03-10T12:44:14.495+08:00Installing NS-2 in Fedora 10Download:<a href="http://www.ziddu.com/downloadlink/3648328/ns-allinone-2.33.tar.gz"> ns-allinone-2.33</a><br /><br />I have used VMWARE with Fedora 10 to install NS-2 for my convenience. The steps are as below:<br /><br />Pre-installation NS-2:<br />1. Make sure FEDORA 10 is updated completely at the autoupdate.<br />2. Have the following install at TERMINAL. You must be the "root" to do this:<br />yum install autoconf<br />yum install automake<br />yum install gcc-c++<br />yum install libX11-devel<br />yum install xorg-x11-proto-devel<br />yum install libXt-devel<br />yum install libXmu-devel<br />yum install tk<br />yum install tcl<br />yum install make<br />yum install perl<br />yum install gnuplot<br /><br /><br />Installation for NS-2 in FEDORA 10:<br />1. Unzipped NS-2.33 file:<br />tar -xvzf ns-allinone-2.33.tar.gz<br />2. Go into ns-2.33 directory:<br />cd ns-allinone-2.33<br />3. Install ns-2.33<br />./install<br />4. Set environment:<br />gedit ~/.bashrc<br /><br />Replace the following to your .bashrc file, double check your own installation path and version. Set the environment at "cd /home/username" as a user and not the "root":<br /><blockquote># .bashrc<br /><br /># Source global definitions<br />if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then<br />. /etc/bashrc<br />fi<br /><br /># User specific aliases and functions<br /><br /># LD_LIBRARY_PATH<br />OTCL_LIB=/home/ellysoo/ns-allinone-2.33/otcl-1.13<br />NS2_LIB=/home/ellysoo/ns-allinone-2.33/lib<br />X11_LIB=/ellysoo/X11R6/lib<br />USR_LOCAL_LIB=/home/ellysoo/lib<br />export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$OTCL_LIB:$NS2_LIB:$X11_LIB:$USR_LOCAL_LIB<br /><br /><br /># TCL_LIBRARY<br />TCL_LIB=/home/ellysoo/ns-allinone-2.33/tcl8.4.18/library<br />USR_LIB=/ellysoo/lib<br />export TCL_LIBRARY=$TCL_LIB:$USR_LIB<br /><br /># PATH<br />XGRAPH=/home/ellysoo/ns-allinone-2.33/bin:/home/ellysoo/ns-allinone-2.33/tcl8.4.18/unix:/home/ellysoo/ns-allinone-2.33/tk8.4.18/unix<br />NS=/home/ellysoo/ns-allinone-2.33/ns-2.33/<br />NAM=/home/ellysoo/ns-allinone-2.33/nam-1.13/<br />PATH=$PATH:$XGRAPH:$NS:$NAM<br /><br /></blockquote> 5. If your environment is set properly, you should be able to run the command "ns" and get the result "%".<br /><br />6. Validate your ns as followed:<br />./validateellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-32008640623133809352009-02-24T18:00:00.003+08:002009-02-25T11:51:21.689+08:00Run NSG2 in FEDORA 101. Yum install java-1.6.0-openjdk-plugin<br />2. At the directory of NSG2, type the command: java -jar NSG2.1.jarellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-46342050063432857962009-02-24T17:17:00.006+08:002009-02-26T15:41:21.852+08:00VMX file to allow VMWARE to detect USB driver <!-- ======================================================= --> <!-- Created by AbiWord, a free, Open Source wordprocessor. --> <!-- For more information visit http://www.abisource.com. --> <!-- ======================================================= --> <meta equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"> <title></title> <style type="text/css"> <!-- #toc, .toc, .mw-warning { border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; } #toc h2, .toc h2 { display: inline; border: none; padding: 0; font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold; } #toc #toctitle, .toc #toctitle, #toc .toctitle, .toc .toctitle { text-align: center; } #toc ul, .toc ul { list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; margin-left: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: left; } #toc ul ul, .toc ul ul { margin: 0 0 0 2em; } #toc .toctoggle, .toc .toctoggle { font-size: 94%; }@media print, projection, embossed { body { padding-top:1in; padding-bottom:1in; padding-left:1in; padding-right:1in; } } body { font-family:'Liberation Serif'; font-variant:normal; text-indent:0in; widows:2; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:12pt; } table { } td { border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; } p, h1, h2, h3, li { color:#000000; font-family:'Liberation Serif'; font-size:12pt; text-align:left; vertical-align:normal; } --> </style> <div> <p>Open your vmware vmx file with notepad and replace all as below and make sure the filename is same as your filename inside the same folder:</p><p>Download: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/3642968/fedora-10-i386.zip.html">VMX File</a>
<br /></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">#!/usr/bin/vmware</span></p><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">.encoding = "UTF-8"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">config.version = "8"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">virtualHW.version = "4"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">scsi0.present = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">scsi0.virtualDev = "lsilogic"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">memsize = "256"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">scsi0:0.present = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">scsi0:0.fileName = "fedora-10-i386.vmdk"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ide1:0.present = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ide1:0.fileName = "auto detect"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ide1:0.deviceType = "cdrom-raw"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">floppy0.startConnected = "FALSE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">floppy0.fileName = "/dev/fd0"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ethernet0.present = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ethernet0.connectionType = "nat"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ethernet0.wakeOnPcktRcv = "FALSE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">roamingVM.exitBehavior = "go"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">displayName = "Fedora10"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">guestOS = "other26xlinux"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">nvram = "fedora-10-i386.nvram"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">virtualHW.productCompatibility = "esx"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ft.secondary0.enabled = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">tools.upgrade.policy = "useGlobal"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;"># PowerOn/Off options</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">gui.powerOnAtStartup = "FALSE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">gui.fullScreenAtPowerOn = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">gui.exitAtPowerOff = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;"># USB settings</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;"># This config activates USB</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">usb.present = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">usb.generic.autoconnect = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;"># Optional second serial port, physical COM2 is not available</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">serial1.present = "FALSE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;"># First parallell port, physical LPT1 is available</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">parallel0.present = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">parallel0.fileName = "Auto Detect"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">parallel0.autodetect = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">parallel0.bidirectional = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;"># Sound settings</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">sound.present = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">sound.fileName = "-1"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">sound.autodetect = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;"># Other default settings</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">#svga.autodetect = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">svga.maxWidth=1280</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">svga.maxHeight=1024 </span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">mks.keyboardFilter = "allow"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">snapshot.action = "autoCommit"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">extendedConfigFile = "fedora-10-i386.vmxf"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ethernet0.addressType = "generated"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">uuid.location = "56 4d b4 d1 71 51 96 7f-92 5a e6 00 a7 63 44 b1"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">uuid.bios = "56 4d b4 d1 71 51 96 7f-92 5a e6 00 a7 63 44 b1"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">scsi0:0.redo = ""</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">vmotion.checkpointFBSize = "16777216"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ethernet0.generatedAddress = "00:0c:29:63:44:b1"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ethernet0.generatedAddressOffset = "0"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">tools.remindInstall = "FALSE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">ide1:0.autodetect = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">floppy0.autodetect = "TRUE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">checkpoint.vmState = "fedora-10-i386.vmss"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">tools.syncTime = "FALSE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">isolation.tools.hgfs.disable = "FALSE"</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">usb.autoConnect.device0 = ""</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><p style="text-align: left;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:78%;">parallel0.startConnected = "FALSE"</span></p> <p></p> </div> ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-940655158241541327.post-12297534876828666852009-02-24T16:48:00.010+08:002009-03-05T13:42:02.307+08:00Installing Tracegraph in Fedora 10 with NS-2As referred to: http://ns-2.blogspot.com<br /><br />I have followed the steps below for Tracegraph installation:<br />Download Tracegraph for linux: <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%20%20%20http://www.ziddu.com/download/3645270/tracegraph202linux.tar.gz.html">Tracegraph202</a><br />Download Matlab for tracegraph: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/downloadlink/3647874/mglinstaller.gz">Matlab</a><br />Download my .bashrc file: <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/3737443/bashrc.txt.html">.bashrc</a><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Installation instructions on </span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Linux</span><span style="font-style: italic;">:</span><br />1)Download tracegraph and mglinstaller from the webpage<br />Check Trace graph download page: <a href="http://www.tracegraph.com/download.html">http://www.tracegraph.com/download.html</a><br />Choose Linux version and download mglinstaller.<br />2) At the directory where you save the tracegraph and mglinstaller.<br />Command: tar -xvzf tracegraph202.linux.tar.gz<br />3) Command: gunzip mglinstaller.gz<br />4) Command: sh mglinstaller<br />5) When asking for location folder, set /home/user1/mgl as the location<br />6) set the environment path variable by<br />Command: gedit ~/.bashrc<br />In .bashrc file, add in the following:<br />export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/user1/mgl/bin/glnx86<br />7) Check the environment,<br />Command: printenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH<br />8) Go to directory /home/user1/Tracegraph202 and run trgraph.<br />Command: ./trgraph<br /><br /><br />Errors encounter when installing:<br />1) ./trgraph: error while loading shared libraries: libmwcl.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory<br /><br />Solution: LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not defined properly. Check with printenv and set the environment again.<br /><br />2) ./trgraph: error while loading shared libraries: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory<br /><br />solution: yum install libXp.so.6<br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Installation instructions on </span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Windows</span><span style="font-style: italic;">:</span><br />1)Download tracegraph and mglinstaller from the page make sure it is windows version <a href="http://www.tracegraph.com/download.html">http://www.tracegraph.com/download.html</a><br />2)unzip tracegraph202.zip to say, D:\<br />3)execute mglinstaller.exe, when it asks for directory name, enter D:\tracegraph202<br />4) add D:\tracegraph202\bin\win32 to your environment PATH<br />5)how to add to environment PATH??<br />right click on Mycomputer and select properties<br />From properties select Advanced tab<br />Select environment path variables<br />Select PATH and add your path to it<br />Thats it tracegraph is now ready!!<br />This is the procedure i followed while installing tracegraph on both windows and linux (if you dont have matlab installed on your machine.)<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.tracegraph.com/t7.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 243px; height: 182px;" src="http://www.tracegraph.com/t7.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a>ellyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09810073553767738743noreply@blogger.com7